Video: Reasons for increasing water consumption

﻿Hello, and thank you for joining today's lesson. My name is Miss McComb, and today we're going to be learning about the relationship between water availability and water usage. So the balance between demand and supply. Before we get started, please make sure that you have a pen and some paper so that you can take some notes during today's lesson and complete all of the tasks. Can you please make sure that you remove any distractions that might interfere with your learning. Now before we get started, please take a moment to copy out the title of today's lesson and underline it. The reasons for an increase in water consumption. So now we have the title, we're ready to start today's lesson. So let's start by looking at some of the key words that we'll be using throughout today's lesson as we learn about water availability and water consumption. So many areas may be in what we call a water insecure position. So water insecurity is when water availability it's not enough to ensure the population of an area enjoys good health, livelihood and earnings. And this can be caused by water insufficiency, or poor water quality. Or an area might have water security. This is the reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production. So we're now going to have a look at the global patterns of water insecurity by using the map on the screen. Now the map shows the access to renewable water sources around the world. Now the first thing that stands out is that there's a lot of different colours for different countries. By using a key it helps tell us what these different colours represent. So for example, if we look at the red. It says absolute scarcity. So that means these countries in North of Africa and the Middle East, they have an absolute water scarcity. So they have less water available to meet the needs of their population. Whereas if we look at the blue, surplus. There's lots of countries around the world that have a water surplus. So this means that they have more water available to meet the demands of their population. So the first thing that we can say about the trend is that water availability is not evenly distributed around the world. So let's start by looking at the countries along the equator. Now the countries along the equator have lots of rainfall. Because here, warm, moist air rises, and it causes lots of rainfall. However, as we move into the northern hemisphere, the countries that lie about 30 degrees north of the equator have water scarcities. And this is due to the fact that there's not enough rainfall. Because here the cooler, dry air falls and it's very arid. And if we look 30 degrees south of the equator in the Southern Hemisphere, we have some countries that have a water surplus and some countries that have a water stress. Now this is different as some of these countries in the southern hemisphere tend to span over greater latitudes. Now there are some exceptions. So for example, if we look at Australia. Australia is shown to have a water surplus. Now that is due to the fact that they have a low population density. But they do have areas with lots of rainfall, and they also have areas of desert. And if we look at the UK in the Northern Hemisphere, we're shown to have a vulnerability. And this is also due to the fact that we have a high population density. So we have a large population, so demands for water are increasing. So we're now going to have a look at a task that uses our knowledge of the map that shows the water sources around the world. So when you're ready, you're going to press pause to complete the task. Describe the distribution of global water insecurity. So don't forget to follow the success criteria. So we have three key things that you need to include in your answer. Firstly, describe the general trend of distribution. Then identify an area with absolute water scarcity. And finally, identify an area with water surplus. So try to include some keywords in your answer. For example, hemisphere or continent. As soon as you're ready to start a task, please press pause. And once you've finished it, press play to continue. So well done. Let's have a look at the answer. And if you've written anything similar, please give yourself some ticks. And if there's anything that you need to include, please add it in underneath. So we've started off by stating the general trend, water availability is not evenly distributed around the world. Did you get that? Well done you. We can then identify areas of water scarcity. So there are three countries in the North of Africa with an absolute water scarcity. So here, I've simply looked at the key. The red, absolute scarcity. I've gone to the map of the world. This is the continent of Africa. And there are three countries in the north that have an absolute water scarcity. Then we're looking at the opposite of a water surplus. There are countries in the Northern Hemisphere, such as Canada with a water surplus. Or you might have mentioned Russia, for example. So well done for giving some really good answers to help describe the pattern of water availability around the world. Great work and what a fantastic start to today's lesson. So there are some other key words that we will also be discussing during today's lesson. So the first is water surplus, which we've just seen on the map. Water surplus exists where water supply is greater than demand. So here there's more water than what is needed by the population. And our second is the water stress. So water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period, or when quality restricts it's use. So this means that the demand for water is much higher than the amount of water that's available. So can you please take a moment to copy out both of those new key words and their definitions. And once you've done that press play to continue. So there's two main reasons for why the availability of water might be different around the world. Water consumption increases due to a rising population. Because more water is needed for people for growing food, for washing, for use in their homes. And water consumption is also increasing due to economic development. As the use of water increases as a country develops, for example, in agriculture or in industries. So let's start by looking at how can a rising population increase the demand for water? So rising population. So we know that population is increasing all the time. And it's estimated that world population is growing by roughly 80 million each year. That's an incredible amount. Now every single person needs water to survive. For drinking, for the growth of food, for washing. So if all of those people need water, we need to make sure that there's enough 70% of the world freshwater is used for irrigation of agricultural land. So already we're using a huge amount of the water available from the world's freshwater supplies to irrigate the crops that we need for food. So the more population rises, the more water we need to survive. So can you remember the fact about how much population is approximately increasing each year in the world? Take a minute, decide. Do you think it's 50 million, 70 million, 80 million or 100 million? Let's have a look at the answer. Did you got it correct. 80 million, well done you. That's a huge number of increase of world population each year. Well done. So now let's have a look at how economic development can increase the demand for water. So as countries become more developed, industrialization also increases and this leads to an increase in water usage. More goods are produced through manufacturing and that needs more water. 15% of the water withdrawn globally is used in energy production. For example, in the cooling of our thermal power plants. As the standards of living increase and people become wealthier, they can afford household appliances. Such as dishwashers, washing machines and flushing toilets. So even more water is needed. So can you remember the key fact? 15% of water withdrawn from water sources is used for what? Is it agriculture, domestic use, industry, or energy? What do you think? Let's have a look. Did you get it correct? Energy use, brilliant, well done. So 15% and that's quite a lot of water is used in the production of energy. For example, in our cooling of those thermal power plants. So well done for remembering the key fact. So now we're going to consolidate our learning of the key terms that we've looked at during the lesson. So when you're ready, I would like him to press pause. I would like you to write down the numbers one to four. And then you have to match up the correct definition for each of those key terms. So for example, if you think that one, water security is B. Then you'll simply write one B. So as soon as you're ready, please press pause. And when you're finally ready to find out the answers, press play and we will reveal them, off you go. So well done. Did you get all four correct? So number one, water security matches with D. So well done. Number two, water insecurity matches with C. Brilliant work. Number three, water surplus matches up with B, super. And the final one number four, water stress is matching with A. So four out of four for you, that's absolutely brilliant to show that you know your key words and their definitions. Brilliant. So now we're going to move on to the final task of today's lesson. Explain one reason for why the global demand for water is increasing, three marks. So using our success criteria. Again, there are three things that we need to include in our answer. So at number one, identify a reason why global demand for water is increasing. Then at number two, we need to explain the reason through giving an example or examples. And then finally, try to use some key terms in your answer e.g. water stress. And as always where possible, if you can remember, use facts and figures in your answer. Let's have a look at a model answer for that question. So firstly, we need to introduce the example. Population growth is a reason why the global demand for water is increasing. So now I have my first mark, as I've given population growth as my example. I then want to develop that example to explain. As population growth increases at a rate of approximately 80 million people per year. Good key fact. More water is needed for drinking, washing and food production. So I've explained my example and now have my second mark. And I'm going to develop it even further by giving another fact. It is estimated that 70% of the world freshwater resources are used for the irrigation of agricultural purposes. Which is causing water stress in areas with low rainfall and high population density. So now I've picked up my third mark, as I've double developed my answer. So one, we've given the example then we've explained it, and we've double developed to explain even further. Great answer. So now using the model answer, you're going to have a go at the exam question. Explain one reason why the global demand for water is increasing. Now as we've already used population as an example, I would like you to focus on the economic development. Use this success criteria. Identify a reason, economic development. Explain the reason through giving your examples, and try and use some key terms in your answer. As soon as you think you're ready to begin, please press play. If you need to go back and have a look at the teacher model answer, then please feel free to do so. So well done to you for completing your answer. Now let's have a look to see how well you have done. As we go through, I want you to do some self assessment. So read through what you've written and give yourself lots of ticks where they're credited. And if there's anything that you've missed off or want to include to make your answer even better, please write it in or add a note underneath. So did you get? Economic development is a reason why the global demand for water is increasing. One mark. So straight away we've jumped in there with the example, economic development, well done. Then we explain by example. As a country develops the need for water increases in homes, agriculture, and industries. So now we've picked up a second mark for the explanation. And we're going to develop it even further with a key fact and that percentage there. It is estimated that 15% of the water withdrawn globally is used in the production of energy. For example, in the cooling towers of thermal power stations. So now we have our third mark, that's three out of three. How well did you do? Did you get three? That's amazing, well done. Aren't you brilliant? So that now brings us to the end of today's lesson. The reason for an increase in water consumption. You've work really hard to develop your knowledge of those two main reasons for why our water consumption levels are changing. So we've looked at the rising population and economic development. So between the two of them, our water supplies around the world are changing, because we simply need more water to meet our demand. Before we finish today's lesson, please read through all of your notes and write down the top three things that you would like to take away from today's lesson. So join us next lesson where we will start to look up the physical factors that affect water consumption around the world. For example, climate and geology. I'm looking forward to seeing you then. That's all from me today. Take care and enjoy the rest of your learning. Bye for now.

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Completed: Reasons for increasing water consumption

In this lesson we will be studying how economic development and a rising population affect water consumption levels.

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Reasons for increasing water consumption

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