Video: Repression and duality (Part 2)

﻿Hello and welcome to our second lesson, revisiting the themes of "Repression and Duality" in Jekyll Hyde. In today's lesson, we're specifically focusing on how Stevenson uses Utterson to represent the precious person on Victorian gentlemen. And we're also looking at the setting of Victorian London and why Stevenson chose that to reflect the duality of the characters in the novella. For this lesson, all that you'll need is a pen, paper, and something to write on, or with. Please take a moment now to clear away any distractions, including the notifications on any apps or conversations that you have running, if you know how to, and finally try to find a quiet space where you won't be distracted so that you can focus on this lesson. So when you're ready, let's begin. In this lesson, we'll be working towards this question. How does Stevenson present ideas about repression and duality in the novel? This is our second lesson on the theme of repression and duality. And this is the same question that we had last time. We going to do another literature paragraph today, but this time focusing on Utterson and the setting. So we're going to start off with two key terms that we use in our analysis later. Then we'll think about the themes again of duality and repression. Then we'll pick out some key moments linked to office and in the setting from the novella as a whole, and look at specific quotations from those. And then we'll apply all of our learning to the literature paragraph that I told you about earlier, finishing off with a quick review quiz. So let's start with those two key terms. The first one is archetype. Archetype is the noun. Archetypal is the adjective and an archetype is the embodiment of an idea or a typical example of an idea. So if you've studied "Inspector Calls", you may know that Mr. Birling is an archetypal Capitalist. He is the embodiment of Capitalists. He represents them. And in this novella, Utterson, is an archetypal Victorian gentleman. So he represents all the Victorian gentlemen. Please write down archetype and the definition. Our next key word is motif. A motif is a repeated image, which is used to represent a bigger idea. So we've got an example here from Macbeth. Shakespeare uses the motif of blood in Macbeth to symbolise guilt. Notice that blood is a specific thing. An image here that is repeated rather than saying Shakespeare uses death to symbolise guilt because death is kind of too big and broader concept to be a motif. And then we've got another example. This one from Jekyll and Hyde, Stevenson uses the motif of the fog to symbolise repression. Notice that the motif always symbolises some big idea. So now let's check that you've understood those. I've got two sentences here, which use archetypal. I want you to write down which one's correct. Is it A, the Beatles where the archetypal pop group or B, chocolate is my favourite food? It's my archetype, got three seconds to write your answer. They're coming up in three, two and one. That's right. The Beatles were the archetypal pop group, is the correct example there, because the Beatles in this sense represent all of the pop groups. Whereas even though I love chocolate, it doesn't represent all the foods ever. So mark your answer, please. And now we're moving on to motif, which of these sentences uses motif correctly? Is it A, Shakespeare uses the motif of conflict in Macbeth. Or is it B, Shakespeare uses the motif of daggers in Macbeth. Pause your video if you need to. Cause the answers are coming up in three, two, and one. The correct answer was daggers because that's a specific thing, object or image that is repeated rather than a broader concept like conflict. Now we're going to look at those key themes of repression and duality again. Now we're looking at the theme of duality. Now, remember that duality means having two sides. So when we talk about the duality of human nature. We mean having a good side and a bad side. Stevenson believed in the duality of human nature. And he believed that we should accept our inner bad side or our inner evil. Now his beliefs were contradicting the repressive society, which said that you should try to be without evil and if you had any desires that weren't considered socially acceptable, you had to pretend they didn't exist and hide them. So Stevenson's saying that the repressive society is unhealthy and he uses London's duality to symbolise the duality of man. We going to see that a bit later when we look at the fog and how that's repressive and covers things up. Stevenson also uses Jekyll to warn that it's impossible to deny one's duality, one's inner evil and that instead it should be accepted because when Jekyll tries to deny it and make himself pure and create Hyde, that separate entity of evil, what he ends up with is Hyde taking control and him committing suicide. So here's a downfall there. Now let's look at repression. Victorian London was a repressive society, as I told you, last lesson, and this meant that people had to hide their true thoughts and desires in order to conform to strict social rules or social norms. They did this because they wanted to keep their reputation and Stevenson criticised this repressive society saying that it was unhealthy. Stevenson uses the character of Utterson, our narrator as an archetypal Victorian gentleman, to represent the pressures on Victorian gentlemen, to conform to social norms. And he deliberately describes Utterson at the start of the novella to set up the idea that repression is going to affect many characters, particularly Jekyll throughout the rest of the novella. Stevenson also uses the setting, particularly the fog to symbolise the repression of Victorian Britain. Now let's check that you've got that. I've got three true or false statements for you. I want you to write down the numbers and then as I read them out, write whether they're true or false, if they're false, I want you to try and correct them. Number one, Stevenson criticises the repressive society, arguing that we should accept our dual nature. Two, Stevenson chooses Utterson to represent all Victorian gentlemen and three, Due to the repressive society, many Victorian gentlemen were forced to hide their true thoughts or desires. Pause the video. If you need to take some time answering that because the answers are coming up in three, two and one. The first one is true. Stevenson does criticise the repressive society. The second one is also true. Utterson is an archetypal Victorian gentleman. So therefore he does represent all Victorian gentlemen. And the third one is also true, due to the repressive society, many Victorian gentlemen were forced to hide their true thoughts and desires so that they could keep their reputation. Check your answers, correct them if you need to and let's move on. We can then look at some key moments now, and I'll start off with a quick recap on our key moments from last lesson. So as we discuss last lesson, Jekyll's downfall is caused by repressing his inner evil, and that causes him to create Hyde so that he can push that inner evil outside of himself and into Hyde as a separate entity. Last lesson, we focused on three key moments to show this. We looked at the front versus the back of Jekyll's house. The idea that the front is respectable, just like the facade that he uses to keep his reputation, but the back where his laboratory is, is hidden and neglected, just like that inner evil that he tries to ignore or repress. Then we looked at chapter three, the moment where Utterson asks Jekyll about Hyde and suddenly his face changes, showing he's worried about his secret getting out. And finally, we looked at chapter 10, the only chapter that Jekyll narrates himself. And it's his moment to explain why he created Hyde and to accept his duality. So let's check that you understood all of that. The front of Jekyll's house is described as having an air of wealth and comfort. What does this suggest? Is there A, The front of Jekyll's house represents his respectable facade, helping him maintain his status and reputation as others visit this space? Or is it B, The front of Jekyll's house is filled with expensive materials and the air is nicely perfumed because Jekyll wants to impress people. Write down your answers, because it's coming up in three, two and one. That's right. The answer was A, The front of his house represents his respectable facade, that front or cover that he puts on. Now, my next question is, Jekyll's face is described as 'well-made'. What could this imply about him? Is there A, It suggests that he is rich and is able to look presentable to society because he spends a lot on his appearance or is it B, It suggests that his face is constructed like a piece of furniture and therefore he puts on a respectable facade. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two and one. The second one is correct. The facade is really important here. So that's the front or cover that Jekyll puts on in order to seem respectable. Now in chapter 10, Jekyll explains why he created Hyde. Why did he create Hyde? Is it A, He was curious at how far he could push his experiments and he was lonely. So he wanted to build a companion or is it B, He wanted to be pure and push his inner evil into a separate entity or being. Pause the video if you need to, the answers are coming up in three, two, and one. The correct answer was B. He felt the need to be pure and to seem pure because of that repressive society. Now we're going to move on to two new key moments, specifically looking at Utterson and the setting, the fog. Stevenson explores the pressures on Victorian gentlemen to repress their inner desires through Utterson, who is an archetypal Victorian gentleman. He also uses the fog as a motif. Remember, that's a repeated image that symbolises the repressive society. Now let's look at that first key moment, which is chapter one, descriptions of Utterson. In chapter one, we're introduced to Utterson our narrator. We learn he conforms to social expectations in order to maintain his reputation as a Victorian gentleman. And I've got two quotations for you here. The first, he was austere with himself. Austere meaning straight. So Utterson is strict with himself, and that means that he internalises the expectations placed on him by society, all of those social rules, he follows those to the latter. And then my second quote shows this, he drank gin when he was alone to motify a taste for vintages. So what this means is, even though he wants vintage wine, he doesn't allow himself to have that. He denies himself the things that he enjoys and drinks gin, instead, cause he doesn't like that as much. And know how he does this when he's alone. So he only does this in private so that he won't be judged. Now we're going to look at that second quote, I said to you, it's from chapter one and it's, he drank gin when he was alone to mortify a taste for vintages. This quotation is describing how Utterson only drinks when he's alone as this could be considered socially unacceptable behaviour. He denies himself the vintage wines that he enjoys drinking gin instead. My question for you is what does this suggest about Utterson and why might Stevenson be using Utterson to tell us about Victorian society? What does Utterson tell us about society? Pause your video to write your answers. They're coming up in three, two, and one. The fact that Utterson denies himself the vintage wines that he enjoys, suggest that he feels unable to enjoy things which give him pleasure. Drinking alone, suggests that Utterson feels the need to repress his enjoyment of drinking and only can do this in secret so that his reputation will not be endangered. Number two, Stevenson may choose to show us this at the start of the novella to highlight the pressures placed on Victorian gentlemen, due to the repressive society. Pause the video to check and correct your answers. And now we're moving onto our second key moments of the lesson, which is chapter five, where we see the fog moving in encroaching on the city. In chapter five, Jekyll is ill and he gives Utterson a forged letter, so a fake letter that is supposedly from Hyde saying that Hyde will not return. Now remember at this point, Hyde has just killed the . So he's wanted by the police. Utterson takes the letter to his clerk, Mr. Guest, who confirms that it is a fake letter, it's a forgery. Now let's look at some quotations for the fog. That's mentioned alongside all of these things happening. The first quote is, "Even in the houses, "the fog began to live thickly". Now this is in Jekyll's house. So the fact that the fog, which symbolises repression, has now invaded Jekyll's home and Jekyll's ill might highlight how Jekyll secrets are taking over. And this is where we start to see Jekyll's downfall. He's loosing control and the secrets are overtaking him as symbolised by the fog encroaching. Now on to my second quotation, "The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city". The fog is personified as sleeping here almost as if it controls London. This demonstrates how the repressive society controls many people's lives. Now we're going to look at that second quote in more detail. I want you to write this quote down. "The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city". This quotation is describing how the fog covers London. Fog is used as a motif, a repeated image throughout the text to symbolise repression, as it covers things up helping to conceal them. The personification of the fog sleeping implies that it's powerful and capable of more destruction as it could wake up. What is Stevenson saying about the effect of the repressive society by comparing London to a drowned city? Remember the thing that is drowning the city is the fog and the fog symbolises repression. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. The metaphor drown city may make readers think of a disaster or being trapped under water. As the fog symbolises secrecy and repression, Stevenson could be using this metaphor to demonstrate that people are trapped under the expectation to conform to social norms. Furthermore, he could be highlighting how this expectation causes people to suppress their inner thoughts and desires. Pause the video to check and correct that answer. Now we're going to apply our learning to that literature paragraph I mentioned earlier, and it's the same question as last time. How does Stevenson present ideas about repression and duality in the novella? We've specifically focused on repression today. And we've thought about how Stevenson uses Utterson to represent Victorian gentlemen. And the fact that they've got to repress all of their inner thoughts and desires. We've also looked at how Stevenson uses the fog to symbolise repression. And the idea that that repression is encroaching on Jekyll's home and taking over London. I want you to bring in some references to Victorian context here. So I want you to mention things like the repressive society, the expectations on a Victorian gentlemen, and the fact that Stevenson is criticising that he doesn't think it's healthy. Of course, I also want you to include those quotations that we spoke about embedded in your paragraph with language analysis as well there, and you should spend at least 15 minutes writing this. So some key vocabulary to use. Duality, remember that Stevenson believes that we should accept our dual nature. Repression, the idea of holding things in or hiding things, so that you can seem socially acceptable. A motif, so the fog is our motif or repeated image that symbolises repression and archetype, remember the Utterson is the archetypal Victorian gentleman. Pause the video and spend 15 minutes writing that now, please. Here's something that you could have written, Stevenson presents Utterson as an archetypal Victorian gentleman, when he describes how Utterson "drank gin when he was alone to mortify "a taste for vintages", which suggests that he denies himself the things that he enjoys and hides his enjoyment of drinking in order to maintain his reputation, perhaps Stevenson does this to demonstrate the pressures of the repressive society. Furthermore, Stevenson describes the fog in chapter five as sleeping upon the wing above the drowned city. Stevenson, personifies the fog, which symbolises secrecy and repression to make it seem more powerful and show the control that it has over people's lives in the Victorian era. So this student's done pretty well. They've got a point about Utterson at the start, they've got two quotations. They've analysed those, they've said what Stevenson might be doing, what his message might be. And they've even mentioned the Victorian era at the end there, but I'm about to show you a more developed response. Think about how this one's better, Stevenson uses Utterson as an archetypal Victorian gentleman, in order to criticise the pressures caused by the repressive society. When he describes how Utterson drank gin when he was alone to mortify a taste for vintages, which suggests that he denies himself for things that he enjoys and hides his enjoyment of drinking in order to maintain his reputation. Stevenson may choose to show us this at the start of the novella to highlight the pressures placed on Victorian gentlemen, due to the repressive society and to foreshadow the importance of these expectations in causing Jekyll's downfall. Stevenson also presents the oppressive expectations of a repressive society through the fog in chapter five, which he describes as sleeping upon the wing above the drowned city. Stevenson, personifies the fog, which symbolises secrecy and repression as sleeping to make it seem more powerful and hint that these expectations may take over the characters lives later in the novella. So I think that this one's better than the other because first of all, it starts off with Stevenson uses and then has this idea of how Stevenson is using Utterson as a vehicle for spreading his own message about duality and repression. I also think that they weave in their context about the repressive society in the Victorian gentlemen, much better than the first paragraph. And another bit that I particularly like is the structural analysis where they comment on how this description of Utterson is at the start of the novella and how that's going to foreshadow Jekyll's downfall. That was really nice. So I want you to pause your video now and think about which of those things did you do in your paragraph and which things do you still need to do to improve your writing. And then I want you to add in anything that you missed. Now, it's time to do your review quiz, just a five question multiple choice, click on the link to complete that please. And that brings us to the end of today's lesson. A really big well done on all the learning you've achieved today. I'd now like you to look back at your notes from this lesson and identify the three most important things that you've learned today. It's totally up to you what they are. Thanks for learning with me and have a great day.

Exit Quiz: Repression and duality (Part 2)

Completed: Repression and duality (Part 2)

In this lesson,we will revisit the theme of repression and duality in the novel, considering how Stevenson uses Utterson’s repression to represent the pressure put on Victorian gentlemen and the setting of Victorian London to reflect the duality across the novella.

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Repression and duality (Part 2)

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Final Quiz

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