Intro Quiz: Settings and the Gothic (Part 2)

Video: Settings and the Gothic (Part 2)

﻿Hello, and welcome to the second of two lessons on settings and the Gothic in Jekyll and Hyde. Last lesson we focused on the Gothic. And today we're going to focus more on the setting, specifically how Stevenson uses it to comment on the repressive Victorian society. For today's lesson, all you'll need is a pen, paper and something to write on or with. Please take a moment now to clear away any distractions, including the conversations on apps or notifications that you may have running if you know how to. And finally, try to find a quiet place clear from any noise so that you can focus on your learning today. Okay, so when you're ready, let's begin. In this lesson, we'll be answering this question. How does Stevenson use settings and Gothic elements in the novel? As I mentioned just now, we're specifically focusing on settings. And we'll finish this lesson with a literature paragraph analysing how Stevenson uses those. In today's lesson, we'll start off with two key terms that we'll use in our analysis later. Then we'll look at the theme of setting and how Stevenson uses that to push his message across the novella. Then we'll pick out three key moments and I'll ask you questions on those, finishing off with a literature paragraph where we apply our learning and a quick review quiz. So let's look at those two key terms then. The first one is motif. We've seen this one before. A motif is a repeated image used to represent a bigger idea. For example, Shakespeare uses the motif of blood in Macbeth to symbolise guilt. Or in our novella Jekyll and Hyde, Stevenson uses the motif of the fog to symbolise repression. In both of these the blood and the fog are a repeated image rather than a wider idea. And they represent that wider idea, in this case guilt or repression. Please write down motif and the definition. Now on to foreshadowing, our second key term. Foreshadowing is a technique used by writers to hint that something bad will happen later in the text. For example, in the film "Jaws." The ominous or threatening music in "Jaws" foreshadowed that the shark was approaching. It hinted that this bad thing was going to happen with the shark later. And in Jekyll and Hyde, the appearance of the moon foreshadows Hyde's murders. It hints that Hyde is about to murder someone. So let's check that you understood motif. Which of the following sentences correctly uses that word? Is it A, the dagger is a regular motif in Macbeth. Or is it B, kingship is a regular motif in Macbeth. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. That's correct, it is the dagger. Because that is a specific image that is repeated rather than the wider idea which is kingship. Kingship would be a theme in Macbeth. Check and correct your answer now please. We're moving on to foreshadowing. Which of the following correctly uses foreshadowed in a sentence> Is it A, the menacing clouds foreshadowed Nick's bad day. Or is it B, the happy sun foreshadowed Nick's good day. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. The correct answer is A, foreshadowing is a hint that something bad will happen. So it can't be used to foreshadow a good day Check and correct your answer now please. Now we're moving on to our key theme of setting in the novella. So Stevenson uses the setting to reflect the duality of mankind. He demonstrates Jekyll's duality, the two sides to Jekyll, the good and the bad, by showing the contrast between the respectable front of Jekyll's house and his neglected laboratory. Stevenson uses the fog to demonstrate how the repressive society controls the lives of Victorian gentlemen, because the fog symbolises secrecy and repression. And finally, Stevenson uses the motif, repeated image of the moon to foreshadow Hyde's attacks to hint that these attacks are about to happen, creating a sense of suspense. Pause the video to make any notes that you want to. Now let's check that you understood that. I've got some true or false statements here. And I want you to write whether they're true or false next to the numbers one, two, three. If they're false, please write the sentence out correctly. Number one, the fog is repeatedly used to symbolise secrecy as it covers everything. Number two, Jekyll's house is respectable and well presented throughout. Number three, Stevenson uses the sun to foreshadow Hyde's attacks. Pause the video to write your true or falses, and correct any that are wrong. The correct answers were. Number one is true. Number two is false, because the front of Jekyll's home is respectable, whereas the back of Jekyll's home, his lab isn't, and that symbolises his duality. There's two sides to him just like the two sides to his house. And then number three is false. Stevenson uses the moon to foreshadow Hyde's attack, not the sun. Pause the video to check and correct your answers please. Okay, now we're looking at our three key moments. Last lesson, we looked at the idea that Gothic settings are typically claustrophobic, neglected and dangerous in order to heighten the readers fears. Stevenson uses urban terror, the fear of the Victorian city, by setting his novella in Victorian London. And last lesson, we looked at three key moments to show Stevenson using Gothic tropes. First we looked at chapter one, Hyde's neighbourhood. Then we looked at Utterson's nightmare and his search for Hyde in chapter two. And finally, we looked at the descriptions of fog in chapter four. If you want to go in more detail on those, please go back to the previous lesson on the Gothic. So which of the following quotations describes Hyde's home? Is it A, "wore a great air of wealth and comfort." Or is it B, "the door was blistered and distained." Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. That's correct. Hyde's home is described as B, a blistered and distained door. Which mimics or symbolises how he is rejected by society and a social outsider. So my next question. Which of the following quotations presents London as claustrophobic using the Gothic trope of entrapment? Is it A, wider labyrinths of lamplighted city. Or is it B, a certain sinister block of building thrust forward? Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. The correct answer is A. We get the sense of claustrophobia with the labyrinths which are mazes that Utterson gets lost in in his nightmare at the beginning of chapter two. And which of the following is a motif, a repeated image, used throughout Jekyll and Hyde? Is it A, fog or B, factories? Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. That's right, it's the fog, and the fog symbolises secrecy and repression. So, we've done a quick recap on the Gothic elements of the setting. Now we're focusing on how Stevenson uses the setting to reflect the duality of mankind. And how Victorian gentleman's lives are controlled by repression. We're going to look at three key moments that demonstrate the setting showing this. The first one is going to be different descriptions of Jekyll's house comparing the front and the back. The second is going to be chapter five, where we have descriptions of the fog. And the last will be chapters four and eight, where the moon foreshadows Hyde's murders. So let's start with Jekyll and Hyde's house. In chapter two, the front of Jekyll's house is presented as respectable. Whereas in chapter five, we see the laboratory at the back of the house and this contrasts with his respectable facade. So a description of the front there. "Wore a great air of wealth and comfort." We can see that the front of the house represents his respectable facade. The fact that it wore the air of wealth and comfort almost compares this to wearing an item of clothing, something that isn't truly you and could be put on or taken off just like Jekyll's facade. So we get the idea that the front of his home helps him maintain his status and reputation as this front bit is a space that others visit. This is juxtaposed by the dingy windowless structure that's Jekyll's lab at the back of his house, which is closed off from the outside world as it's windowless. So no one can see in and judge his experiments creating Hyde. Which part of Jekyll's house is described with the quotation "dingy windowless structure"? Is it A, the laboratory which only Jekyll and his butler Poole would see. Or is it B, his doctor surgery, where he would receive patients. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two and one. The correct answer is A. This secret private space which only Jekyll and his butler Poole would see is the laboratory. Now we're going to zoom in on that quotation "dingy windowless structure." Describing the laboratory at the back of Jekyll's home that only he and Poole would see. And this is of course, where he creates Hyde. He describes it as dingy, meaning it's gloomy and dark. This gives us the impression that this home is neglected or ignored this part of the home. So this part of the home is where Jekyll completes his experiments. Why is it important that it is windowless? Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. The fact that this room is windowless, suggests that no one else can see into it. Therefore, this room where Jekyll is able to complete his experiments which go against the social norms is hidden, symbolising how Jekyll's inner evil is suppressed and hidden due to the repressive society. Pause the video to check and correct your response now. Now we're going to look at the descriptions of the fog in chapter five. In chapter five, Dr. Jekyll gives Utterson a forged or a fake letter which is supposedly from Hyde. Stating that Hyde will never return and will never speak to Jekyll again. Utterson takes this letter to Mr. Guest, his clerk, and he realises that actually it is just Jekyll's handwriting slanted a different way. So he thinks that Jekyll is covering up for Hyde. Stevenson uses the fog to heighten the sense of mystery and confusion about the relationship between Jekyll and Hyde. And we've got two quotations of the fog in this chapter. The first one. "Even in houses the fog began to lie thickly." The fog is personified here as lying thickly in Jekyll's house, demonstrating how the fog has invaded Jekyll's life. And then our second quote. "Fog still slept upon the wing above the drowned city." The fog is personified here as if it's sleeping over the city and therefore controlling London. It could wake up and be more threatening at any moment. What could the fog in the novella symbolise? Is it A, secrecy and repression. Or is it B, pollution as a result of the industrial revolution. Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two and one. The correct answer is secrecy and repression. So now we're going to analyse one of those key quotations which is. "Even in the houses the fog began to lie thickly." Stevenson uses the fog to symbolise secrecy and repression. Jekyll is weak at this point in the novella as he spent increasing amounts of time as Hyde. Remember Hyde is his repressed inner evil. At this point in the story, the fog has invaded Jekyll's house and is personified as lying thickly. What does this imply about the role of secrecy and repression that the fog symbolises in Jekyll's life if it's invaded his house? Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. At this point in the story, the fog which symbolises secrecy and repression has invaded Jekyll's house, demonstrating how Jekyll's life is now controlled by the need to repress his inner evil which caused him to create Hyde. The fog is personified as lying thickly, which presents it as menacing as if it could attack at any moment. At this point, Hyde has become increasingly violent. Remember that he just killed Sir Danvers Carew in chapter four, that was the first murder in the story. And Stevenson could be criticising the repressive society by highlighting Jekyll's inability to repress Hyde. Pause the video to check and correct your response. Now moving on to our final key moment for this lesson. It is chapters four and eight, looking at the moon foreshadowing Hyde's murders. So in chapter four Hyde kills Sir Danvers Carew. And in chapter eight through an act of suicide, he kills Jekyll. Stevenson uses the motif of the moon to foreshadow these murders creating a sense of suspense. We see this in chapter four with the reference to "the fogged city moon." And then in chapter eight we see it, "with a pale moon, lying on her back." In chapter eight Utterson is rushing with Poole to Jekyll's home amid stormy weather. So both times the moon tells us, hints to us that something bad is going to happen. But we don't know who is going to be the victim yet. Which motif foreshadows Hyde's murders? Is it A, moon or B, fog. Write down your answer. It's coming up in three, two and one. Correct, it is the moon. The fog of course, symbolises secrecy and repression is not directly linked to Hyde's murders. So now we're going to analyse that key quotation from chapter eight. "With a pale moon, lying on her back." Stevenson uses the Gothic trope of the moon, which is typically associated with supernatural transformations such as werewolves, to foreshadow Hyde's murders. Prior to Jekyll's death, Stevenson also describes a violet storm which pushes the moon over so that the moon is lying on her back. What mood does this create? And why might Stephenson want to create this mood before Hyde's attacks? Pause the video to write your answer. It's coming up in three, two, and one. The motif of the moon creates an eerie atmosphere, as it is associated with the supernatural and therefore the unknown. Stevenson foreshadows Hyde's attacks with the moon appearing to create a sense of suspense, as the reader knows that Hyde will attack but does not know who. Perhaps Stevenson does this to make Hyde seem like a more threatening figure. Pause the video to check and correct your response. And now we're going to apply our learning to the literature paragraph that I told you about earlier. So our question is, how does Stevenson use the setting in the novel? I want you to spend at least 15 minutes writing this. And I want you to include the language analysis that we've discussed in this lesson. key ideas that you may wish to mention are: How Stevenson uses Jekyll's house to reflect Jekyll's duality. And how Stevenson uses the fog and the moon. Remember that the fog symbolises repression, and the moon foreshadows Hyde's murders. I want you to weave in some references to Victorian context and Stevenson's message. Your key vocab here is duality, meaning having two sides. Ominous, so a sort of threatening mood, the feeling that something bad will happen. A motif, a repeated image. And then foreshadowing is a technique writers use to hint that something bad is about to happen in a text. Pause the video to spend 15 minutes writing that. Okay, you could have written something like this. Firstly, Stevenson uses fog to highlight the mystery of Hyde as the police tried to track him down. This is seen when he describes them as the first fog of the season. The adjective first implies that this will continue to happen. The fog is also referenced later in chapter five when it says "the fog still slept above the drowned city." The personification of the fog here makes it seem powerful. And this juxtaposes the drowned city, which makes it seem like the city is a victim. The noun fog connotes secrecy, so this could symbolise the hidden secrets that people like Jekyll are keeping. The fact that it leads to the downfall of London feeling drowned, could suggest that secrets lead to a character's downfall. Perhaps Stevenson included this to demonstrate to readers the dangers of a repressive society. This student has done loads of things well. They've got the quotations, two there. They've got single word analysis, comments on the effect of the personification, and they've even linked it in to what the fog symbolises and Stevenson's message about the repressive society. I'm about to show you a really developed response coming up. This is the first half of it. Stevenson uses setting to symbolise London's desire to mask its duality. As seen in the extract when Utterson and the inspector are on their way to Hyde's home after Carew's murder. The fog is described as "a great chocolate coloured pall which lowered over heaven." Stevenson uses the motif of fog to symbolise the secrecy of society because the fog creates obscurity and metaphorically allows secrets to be hidden. This is reinforced by the use of the adjective chocolate, which connotes enjoyment and excess and would typically only have been enjoyed by the rich. However, as fog usually dissipates, goes away. It emphasises how Victorian gentlemen still cannot indulge in their desires as their secret will eventually be revealed, impacting their reputation. Maybe this is why Stevenson uses the metaphor of the pall, a cloth used to cover a coffin. Because if these gentlemen were caught in their debauchery, in their bad deeds, their reputation would figuratively die. And continuing the same paragraph. Perhaps Stevenson does this in order to expose how repressing one's inner desires is impossible, and we should accept the duality in all of us and learn how to control it. This is further reinforced through the duality of Jekyll's home, where he's able to present a facade of wealth and comfort at the front of his house in order to maintain his reputation. Whereas the back of his house, which symbolises his repressed inner evil, is described as a dingy windowless structure, suggesting that it's ignored. Through the adjective windowless, Stevenson is able to criticise the repressive society for allowing Jekyll's downfall and forcing him to keep these secrets. Okay, hopefully you can see that this one is much more developed. Whenever they talk about Stevenson's message, they go into a lot more detail and they've weaved Stevenson's message on why he does particular language choices throughout the whole paragraph. I also want to pick up on, if I go back to this slide, how the student has picked apart this quotation. They haven't just done one bit of single word analysis. They've commented on chocolate, they've also commented on the imagery of the fog and then the pall. So that's three different bits of analysis from one quotation. I'd like you to pause your video now and to consider what you could do to improve the paragraph you've just written, and add in anything that you think you missed. Okay, now I'd like you to click on the link to complete the quick five question review quiz. And that brings us to the end of today's lesson. A really big well done on all the learning you've achieved today. I'd now like you to look back at your notes from this lesson and identify the three most important things that you've learned today. It's totally up to you what they are. Thanks for learning with me and have a good day.

Exit Quiz: Settings and the Gothic (Part 2)

Completed: Settings and the Gothic (Part 2)

In this lesson, we will revisit how the setting is presented and how Stevenson uses the setting to comment on the repressive society.

English

Settings and the Gothic (Part 2)

Introductory Quiz

Video

Final Quiz

Lesson Complete