Intro Quiz: Social opportunities of urban growth in Lagos

Video: Social opportunities of urban growth in Lagos

﻿Good day geographers, and welcome to this lesson about Lagos. A city in the newly emerging economy of Nigeria. We're going to look at the causes of urban growth. For today's lesson, all you need is a pen and paper. In a second, I'm going to ask you to pause, and take a moment to get those and clear away all the distractions around you. Pause now, and I'll see you back in a second. Excellent, now you're ready to get started. Please write down the title on the top of your piece of paper. Causes of urban growth in Lagos. Underline it, double check you've got that capital l for Lagos. Lagos is Nigeria's largest city and its economic capital. Its population is increasing rapidly. In 1960, less than half a million people lived in Lagos. By 1990, it reached four million, however, it crossed a milestone in 2008. Lagos grew to over 10 million people making it, a mega city. It's currently one of the fastest growing areas in the world with an annual growth rate of 3.2%. Currently, its population is around 14 million. Some people estimate it to be much larger, potentially at 20 million, depending on the area that's included, and the number of people living in Lagos's squatter settlements. Let's get stuck straight in with, describing how Lagos's population has grown over time. This question is worth three marks, to get those three marks, I would like you to mention the trend, so what's the overall pattern, I would like you to consider the speed of growth, and I would like you to include figures from the graph. Pause now, tackle the question, and resume when you're done. Let's see how you did. So, your first Mark comes from the trend. Lagos's population has increased, tick, over time and its growth has become more rapid. You may want to say it's around 1970 or 1980, where they sped up. For example, in 1950, Lagos had a population of just 0.3 million, whereas in 2020, it is around, 14 million. You may not have those exact figures, but as long as you've taken figures from the graph, and got something similar, that's fine. Just something to point out, make sure you've got million, okay? The axis says five, 10, 15, okay? But you need to add the million. As Lagos's population has grown, so has the physical extent of Lagos. Lagos was originally based on Lagos Island, which is still the town centre. But since it has grown onto the mainland. It spread north along main roads and railways, as it went under rapid urbanisation. The dark navy on the very tip of Lagos Island, was in 1900s. It's then expanded, up until the green area in 2015, which is stretched north, and even to the East of Lagos, look here. But why has Lagos grown? Let's have a look. There are two causes of urban growth in Lagos. The first one we need to look at is natural increase. The second cause, is migration. And we're going to look at both of those in depth. Natural increase, is when the birth rate is much larger than the death rate. In Nigeria, birth rate is 35.2 per 1000 per year. The death rate, however, is lower at 9.6 per 1000 per year. If we take away, those deaths from the number of people being born, you can see that we still have, an increase of 25.6 people per 1000 of the population, per year. Those figures are about Nigeria as a whole. Lagos as a city, has much better access to healthcare, so the death rate is even lower. Migrants that arrive in the city, tend to be younger, so Lagos has a much more youthful population and this can result in a higher birth rate. What do you know about natural increase then? Which one? Is it when, death rate is larger than the birth rate, or birth rate is larger than the death rate? Five seconds, And you should have had that the birth rate is larger than the death rate. Pause now, and make sure you've got that down. Okay, let's have a look at our task. We're going to explain one reason why rates of natural increase are high in many cities, in LIC/NEEs. It's a two mark question. To be successful, I would like you to be specific to cities. It's not about Nigeria as a whole, it's about Lagos. All your explanations, need to be developed, this means that. Time to pause the video, time to tackle it, resume once you're finished. Let's see how you got on. You needed to explain, so if you've just put simple points like healthcare is better, the population is younger, birth rate is higher in cities, you would only get one mark. You don't get two marks because you put two ideas, because the question says, explain one reason. So what we were really looking for was that development. Healthcare is better in cities, which means that more children survive, and so the population grows. Be specific about the fact we're talking about a city. The population is younger in cities, tick, that's because there's migrants and they tend to be young, which means that they are more likely to have children increasing the population, tick. Birth rate is higher in cities, as a result of the younger population, so any of those would have worked. Check you've got that connective. Now we're going to move on to have a look at migration. There are historical reasons for Lagos's growth. In 1961, the British colonised Lagos and made it a centre for trade. This attracted traders, and merchants to the area. Lagos at this point was the capital city of Nigeria. When slavery was abolished, many slaves returned home from countries like Brazil, adding to the population. In 1960, Nigeria gained independence from Britain. The government focused on economic development. Resources like oil were no longer controlled by the British, and so were used to boost the economy. The government funded construction projects, like seaport, oil refineries and factories, and these created many jobs. Much of this investment was done centrally in Lagos. These jobs attracted many people from rural areas looking for work, and that's the countryside. While most of this population growth, is down to rural to urban migration, people did also arrive from neighbouring countries like Chad and Niger due to poverty and conflict there. People expect a better quality of life in Lagos. They do experience some international migration from countries like USA, UK, and China. These people are employed by foreign TNCs operating in Lagos. Estimates currently believe that Lagos is receiving 1200 immigrants every single day.

So let's unpick that phrase, rural to urban migration. This is, the movement of people from rural areas, which is the countryside, to urban areas, towns and cities. Please pause now, and get that written down for me. Why do they move from these rural areas? There are push factors. These are negative things that make people want to leave an area. In the north east, drought, has made farming, really hard, and many people are living in poverty. This has been made even harder by mechanisation. Machinery means less jobs are available. Farming has low wages and is hard work, so young people in particular, are looking to migrate. Boko Haram, is an active terrorist group that operate in northern Nigeria. This has led to many people, feeling unsafe in the area. Health and access to schools is poor. 40% of children don't even attend primary school in the north east. Lagos, on the other hand is seen as the land of opportunity. There are many pull factors, so many positives that make people want to move to the area. There are many jobs available due to large construction projects like Eko Atlantic, where the city is growing. And more affluent people there, mean that there are many jobs in services, like cleaners. Wages can be up to four times higher than in rural areas. In Lagos, 90% of children attend primary school, and 68% of these go on to secondary school, which is a massive incentive, as it is seen as vital for people to be able to leave poverty behind them. There are more healthcare centres and people can access medicines. The city uses about 40% of the country's electricity supply, and this can help with cooking, it can allow people to set up businesses, and even the simple act of lighting up homes, which we take for granted. There are some water treatment plants, which means that, some areas of the city receive safe, piped water. Right, Lagos is experiencing, natural increase, natural decrease, point to the screen now, three, two, one, natural increase. The birth rate is larger than the death rate, so the population is growing. Which two are reasons for Lagos's population growth? I'm going to ask you to pause, you may need 10 seconds to read them. Okay, you should have had, A, the government has funded many construction projects in Lagos. We've got an example of Eko Atlantic, and, D. There is religious conflict in countries like Niger. So that means people are migrating to Lagos. Are these push or pull factors? So jot them down for me now, push or pull? Five seconds. Wages are four times higher in Lagos, that's a pull factor. Boko Haram operate in the north. This is a push factor. Drought in the north pushes people to migraine. Clean safe water being available in Lagos, pulls people, to the area. Okay, so we're now going to describe, the pattern of reasons for migration shown in figure two. It's a three mark question. Figure two is a pie chart, showing reasons for rural to urban migration in Nigeria. All the green shades are the pull factors, education, employment, and family. All the red colours are push factors of the rural areas, conflict, poor healthcare, poor schools and drought. We're describing the pattern, we're not describing an individual sector. So be really careful with your answers. I'm looking for you to give me the overall pattern, I'm looking for you to give me some evidence. You're also going to tackle a second question. Explain why Lagos is experiencing population growth? This is a four mark question. I'm looking for two ideas, and I would like to see them developed. Pause the video, best of luck. Right, let's check those answers. Push factors, are the main reason for rural to urban migration in Nigeria. So that red sector is much larger than the green. So that's the overall pattern. These account for about 70%, so I've used some evidence for a second mark, and then I'm going to give a more specific example. For example, conflict is the main reason at 30%. Ramble with a pie chart, half of the graph is 50%, and a quarter of the graph is 25%. Explain why Lagos is experiencing population growth? Lagos is experiencing population growth, due to high rates of natural increase, idea one,tick. This is because, so we're explaining, their birth rate is 35.3 per 1000 of the population per year. Which is significantly higher than their death rate, of 9.6 per 1000 of the population per year. We then need a second reason. Lagos is also experiencing population growth as a result of rural to urban migration, tick. People are moving from rural areas in places like the north east of Nigeria to Lagos, due to, more job opportunities and wages which can be four times higher. So we're trying to use that case study information to improve our answer. Finally, before you go, I'd like you to just check your capital letters, Lagos and Nigeria have been used in these, and I presume you've used them in your writing. Please make sure they've got capitals. That brings us to the end of today's lesson. You've done some mega learning today. Lagos has grown over time into a mega city. It's growth is down to two main reasons. High rates of natural increase and migration. Migration sees 1200 immigrants arriving to the city every single day. Apparently mostly this migration is rural to urban as people perceive Lagos to offer them a better quality of life. Or from its bordering countries like Niger and Chad. But before you migrate away from the screen, I need you to show me that your learning has grown as rapidly as Lagos's population. Click on the next page and complete the quiz so I can see how you've got on. You've done a great job today. Thanks very much for your time, I look forward to you joining me soon where we're going to look at the opportunities Lagos has to offer all these immigrants. What pulled them to migrate to Lagos? Have a great day today.

Exit Quiz: Social opportunities of urban growth in Lagos

Completed: Social opportunities of urban growth in Lagos

In this lesson, we look at the social opportunities created by urban growth in Lagos.

Geography

Social opportunities of urban growth in Lagos

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