Video: Solids, Liquids and Gases

﻿Hi, I'm Miss Mason, and I'll be your teacher for this chemistry topic of particles. Today, we're going to be learning all about solids, liquids and gases. Which is something you might have learned in key stage two, and might have some knowledge of already. What I'd like you to do, first of all, is make sure you've got all of the right equipment, so a pen or pencil, a piece of paper or notebook, and preferably a ruler. If you need to pause the video to go and get those things, please do so now. Once you've collected everything you'll need, please make sure you've written down the title, solids, liquids and gases and make sure any distractions are kind of pushed away from you, e.g. your phone. So make sure that it's turned on silent or turned over, so that you're not tempted to have a look at it. Today's lesson is a really fantastic learning opportunity, and I just want to make sure everybody comes into it with a positive attitude and to know how important it is, not to give up. Let me just give you a quick run through of what this lesson will involve. First of all, I'll talk to you a bit about careers to do with particles. Then I'll talk to you about things that we call, the three states of matter. Next up will be all about the particles in solids, liquids and gases, followed by their properties, and hopefully by the end of that, you'll be able to distinguish, so pick out the differences between the three states of matter. Okay, so this slide shows you six different jobs that would require a really good knowledge of particles, in order to do. I would like you to pause the video and think about what each of the images on the screen represents, which job they might be showing. Okay, I'm going to reveal the answers. Let's see how many managed to get right. Well done if you managed to get all of those, maybe they've given you an idea as to what career you might like in the future. So let's get started, solids, liquids and gases, that's our title for today. And it's really important that you know, that we refer to those as states of matter. Now, what I would like you to do, is just have a look at your surroundings and see whether you can identify three solids, two liquids or maybe one gas. But just remember that you probably won't be able to see the gas. You can pause the video, if you need a bit of extra time. Hopefully you found some good examples. Now, everything around us is made up of particles, whether that be solid, liquid or gas. And we can use diagrams of particles to demonstrate what a magnified solid, liquid or gas would look like. So if we made something appear much bigger, this is what they would look like in terms of particles. What I'd like you to do here, is pause the video, and draw out these three diagrams, using a pencil and ruler, so that you can get three equally sized boxes and add the particles to each of your boxes. What's really important to remember, is that liquids always fill up from the bottom, so you must wear your particles from the bottom upwards. Once you've done that, let's move on to some quick-fire questions to see how much you can remember. What are the three states of matter? Give you a few seconds. Hopefully you're able to say they are solid, liquid and gas Well done if you managed to get that. So let's dive into a little bit more detail, about the particles in a solid, because there's certain things you need to know, about the arrangement of particles in a solid. That means what the particles look like. So I'm going to reveal three points, that I'd just like you to read through on the board. The particles in a solid, as you can see in the diagram, are all very close together. They're all touching and they've got a regular pattern. You can see they're in nice neat straight rows, and the pattern is repeating. Just to remind you, everything that's just been said, relates to the arrangement of the particles, what they look like. Let's now talk about that in terms of a liquid. Hopefully you've read that the particles in a liquid are close together. They're all still touching, but this time they've got a random pattern. You can see that they're not as ordered, as the particles in a solid. They've almost been moved around a little bit, messed up, okay? So the pattern is random or the arrangement is random. Finally, let's talk about gases. Hopefully you realised that's the last day of matter we need to cover. So particles in a gas, are far apart, there's space between all of the particles and like a liquid, they've got a random pattern. There's no order to the particles in that diagram, they're just randomly placed. And that concludes, what you need to know about the arrangement of particles, how they look. Let's just test your knowledge with some quick-fire questions. So all of these are multiple choice and what I'd like you to do, after I've read each question, is point to what you think the correct option is, on the screen. First question, which of the following statements best describes, the arrangement of particles in a solid? I'll give you 30 seconds to read through the options, when you ready point to the correct one and restart the video to see if you got the answer right. Hopefully you chose option number three. The particles in a solid have a regular arrangement where all of them are touching. Let's move on to question number two. This time it's asking you about the particles in a liquid. 30 seconds again, just to decide what your answer's going to be. This time you should have gone with option number four. Particles in a liquid have a random arrangement, but all of them are still touching. Final question is asking you about a gas. 30 seconds, read through the options, point to the one you think is correct. Option number one was the correct answer this time. If you managed to get those correct, that is fantastic and you're well on your way to being a particle genius. This next part of the lesson, is all about the movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases. Put your pens down, I'll talk through this, and then you can read through the points that come up on the screen. So the particles in a solid have very little movement. All they can do is vibrate in one fixed position. So if you got two particles here, they just kind of vibrate on the spot, can't do anything more than that. However, in liquids, the particles are able to move around each other. They've got a bit more freedom, so they don't have one fixed position. In a gas, the particles are even more free to move and they do so in all different speeds and in all different directions. I'll put those points on the board now, have a read through, then we'll move on. Let's see how much you can remember. Quick-fire question number one, which state of matter has particles that are able to move around, in all different directions, at different speeds? I'll do a countdown, and then I want you to say your answer out loud. Three, two, one. Hopefully you said the answer is gas. Fantastic if you did. Quick-fire question number two, which state of matter has particles that vibrate in a fixed position? Three, two, one. Your answer should have been solid. Again, fantastic if you managed to get that. Quick-fire question number three, the final one, which state of matter has particles that are able to move around each other? Please say your answers in three, two, one. If you said liquid, you're absolutely correct. Give yourself a pat on the back for having a go at those questions. Next up, I want you to have a go at a slightly more complicated task, on your own. Here is a table, showing the three states of matter, solid, liquid and gas. I'd like you to copy this out and fill in the missing boxes, about the arrangement of particles and the movement of particles. There are some key words, in the light blue box at the top to help you. Pause the video here and spend some time attempting that activity. Hopefully, you've managed to get that done. I'm now going to reveal the answers to you on the board. Again, pause the video and spend a couple of minutes marking your answers and comparing them to what was the screen. Your next task is something a little bit harder. So I'd like you to take your time on this. What you need to do, is to compare the arrangement and the movement of particles in a solid and a gas. Now the important word here is compare. You need to give points about one thing, in this case a solid and then give points about something else, which is a gas. You also need to talk about both the arrangement and movement of particles. So use that knowledge from the table task that you just did to help you. Please pause the video when you're ready to start. If you're still not quite sure, how you're going to start off this activity, please hold on a few seconds and I'll give you some help. When you're ready, use these sentences to help you start the activity. Pause the video and then start it again, once you're done. Here are some answers or here is a very good example of the kind of thing you should have written. Take a few seconds to read through that, and then I'm going to point out some of the key parts. Pause the video if you think it will be helpful. Hopefully you can see that all of the key points, have been highlighted in bold thick text. I'll be really impressed if you've also picked up, on two fantastic comparison words that are in this answer. They are the words, however and whereas, and they're two really great words that you can use, if you were ever given a comparison task. Give yourselves a big round of applause because that was a lot more difficult and you've all done fantastically well. The final part of this lesson is all about the properties of the three states of matter. Now you're probably thinking properties? Why is she starting to talk about houses? That's not what it means in the scientific sense. It means the features or the characteristics of the states of matter, so what they can do. If I was going to talk about my properties, I might say things like, I can teach, I can go cross-eyed, and lots of other things. Take a few moments to think about what your properties would be. Now, let's think about the properties of a solid. Here's our particle diagram, and I'm going to talk you through, some of the properties. The first property, is that solids cannot be compressed. That means they can't be squashed in any way. The reason for this, is because all of the particles in a solid, are really close together. There's no space for them to be pushed any closer together. They're already all touching, so they can't be compressed. Could you just say that word for me? Compressed. It's probably a new word to a few of you, but it just means to make smaller or to squash. The second property of solids, is that they have a fixed shape. Again, because all of their particles are close together and touching, they aren't able to change shape, so they'll stay in one shape, all of the time. The final property is that they have a high density. Again, this might be another new word. So I'll tell you what it means. Density is to do with how many particles, are within one area. And as you can see from this diagram, there are lots of particles, within this square solid. So we say, solids have a high density. I'll put those points on the board now, just for you to look through. Let's move on to the properties of a liquid. Just like a solid, liquids can't be compressed either. That's because all of the particles are touching still, there wasn't any space to push them closer together. Liquids can also flow. Because the particles are able to move around each other, they can produce a flowing motion. If you imagine filling up a glass with water, that water flows into the glass. The next property, is that liquids can fill the shape of whatever container they're put into. Whether that be a square container, a circular container or a triangle container, the liquid will always change its shape to fill that container. If you imagine all of the different shapes of water bottles or drinks bottles, a liquid will always fill that bottle fully because it can change its shape. Finally, let's talk about the properties of a gas. I'm going to leave you to read through these, and then I'm going to ask you a few questions. So unlike solids and liquids, gases can be compressed. And hopefully you have come to the conclusion that that's because there are big spaces, between the particles in a gas, which means there's lots of room for them to be pushed closer together. Gases can also flow like liquids, again that's because their particles can move around freely. They have a low density. As you can see from the diagram, there aren't many particles within the space, that means they are not very dense. Gases can also change volume to fill their room. What that means is if a gas is released into a room, it won't just stay in one area, it will spread out to fill the whole room. Imagine if somebody sprays perfume or deodorant in one corner of a room, somebody that's on the other side of the room, will eventually be able to smell that. That's because a gas will always spread out and change its volume to take up the entire room. Finally, gases can take the shape of their container, just like liquids can. Let's have a go at some quick-fire questions, in fact it's a much of activity to see what you can remember. So different states of matter, no, sorry, different properties are going to flash up on the board, and what you need to do is match those to the correct state of matter. So as each flashes up, I would like you to say out loud, whether you think that property matches up to a solid, a liquid or a gas and on occasions it might be more than one. First one, can be compressed. Say out loud to me, which state of matter you think that property matches to. The correct answer should have been gas. Well done if you've got that. Next one, changes shape to fit its container. Three, two, one. You should have said either liquid or gas or both. Well done if you did. Property number three, has a fixed shape. Three, two, one. The correct answer is solid. Congratulations if you got that. High density. Three, two, one. Your answer should have been solid. There are lots of particles in one area of a solid, so we say they have a high density. Next up we have, low density. That should hopefully be quite easy, based on the one we just did. Three, two, one. Gases have a low density. Well done for that one. Two more to go. This one is, changes volume to fill the room. Three, two, one. Hopefully you remembered that gases changed their volume to fill the room. Fantastic if you did. Final property, cannot be compressed. Well done if you realised that this could be linked to two states of matter, solid and liquid. Give yourselves a round of applause. You've got one more independent task to get through before you've completed this whole lesson. What you need to do here is explain why is it easy to compress an empty water bottle, but not a full water bottle. Take a few moments to think about that, then pause the video and get started. Again, if you think you need some extra help, hold on a few seconds and I'll reveal some hints. Pause the video and use those helpful hints to get started. Let's go through the answers. The answers will appear on the board and I will read each statement as it is completed. So if you haven't got this word for word, don't worry, but hopefully you've got something similar. The main state of matter, found in an empty bottle of water is, gas. Give yourself a tick if you've got that. Number two, it will be possible to compress this bottle because. there are spaces between the particles in a gas, so the particles can be pushed closer together. Another massive tick, if you've got that. Point three, the main state of matter found in a full bottle of water is, liquid. Tick number three, I'm hoping. And finally, point number four, it wouldn't be possible to compress this bottle because, there are no spaces between the particles in a liquid. There's no space them to be pushed any closer together. Congratulations, you have completed the final task of this lesson. So this is where we sign off. I've just got a few more things I'd like to say. First of all, well done for achieving so much this lesson. What I'd like you to do, is have a quick look through your notes and either highlight or circle, the three most important things you've learned today. Secondly, you don't have to do this, but if you'd like to, please ask your parent or carer to share your work on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter, tagging @OakNational and hashtag learn with Oak. The very, very final thing that you need to be doing is exiting this slideshow and having a go at the exit quiz, just to review the amount of fantastic work, you've done today. Thank you again for attending this lesson. I look forward to seeing you again. Bye.

Exit Quiz: Solids, Liquids and Gases

Completed: Solids, Liquids and Gases

This lesson looks at the arrangement and movement of particles that make up solids, liquids and gases as well as the properties of each of these states of matter.

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Solids, Liquids and Gases

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Final Quiz

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