Intro Quiz: The changing industrial structure of India (Part 1)

Video: The changing industrial structure of India (Part 1)

﻿Hello there and welcome to your geography lesson. "The changing industrial structure of India, part one". My name is Mr. Foster. You will need a pen paper for this lesson. And you also need to make sure that any alerts or notifications are switched off on your mobile device. Once you're somewhere quiet and away from distractions, where you can really concentrate, we'll begin. So in this lesson, on "The changing Industrial structure of India Part one", we'll start by looking at the different economic sectors. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. What they mean and what's typical in these sectors in India. We'll then move on and look at industrial structure. And how these four sectors make up a country's industrial structure. And then finally we'll spend some time looking at how India's industrial structure has changed since 1980. So to begin with, a recap on economic sectors. As we've already mentioned, these are primary, secondary tertiary, and quaternary. Primary industry is obtaining raw materials from the ground or from the sea. This could be farming or agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry. In India, the main primary industry that takes place is farming. With huge, huge numbers of people growing food. Firstly, for themselves and for their family. To feed themselves and their family. And secondly, to trade. If farming is taking place in order to feed yourself and your family, this is known as subsistence farming. And there's still a huge amount of subsistence farming in India. Secondary industry is manufacturing products from raw materials. And India is seeing an increasing amount of secondary industry taking place. Secondary industry as shown in this image, is typically factories. And can be very heavy industry, steel works. Or it could be much lighter industry, more modern hi-tech manufacturing. Secondary industry can be extremely large scale. Very large factories, car plants, steel works. Secondary industry can also be much more small-scale. Small single-roomed factories making perhaps clothing. Next, we have the tertiary sector, tertiary industry. This involves selling goods. So, in shops or providing a service. It could be restaurants. It could be office work. In this case and something that's very common in India, is call centre work. India has a lot of call centres providing support all over the world. Because they've got a very educated population and an increasing educated population, who speak excellent English. And consequently, this means that there's a big demand for call centres in India, providing support in various different ways for companies in the UK. Finally, we have quaternary industry. These are hi-tech industries based around research and design. Typically, they're found in laboratories where people are designing and perfecting products in some of the most high-tech industries in the world. India does not have a huge amount of quaternary industry. But this is growing as Indian companies become more and more successful. This is something that will increase in India over time. Next, we'll look at industrial structure. Industrial structure is the percentage of the population employed in each of the sectors. And this makes up a country's industrial structure. For all countries, quaternary employment is much smaller than the other sectors. So sometimes this is combined with the tertiary sector when showing industrial structure. So, a short task. There are four statements. And you need to select a correct answer for each of the following statements. Agriculture is in which sector? Primary or secondary. Which sector is providing a service? Secondary or tertiary. Manufacturing is in which sector? Secondary or tertiary. And tertiary and quaternary sectors are growing in India. True or false. Think hard about the four statements. Decide what you think the answer is. Pause here and complete your task. And here we have our answers. Agriculture is in the primary sector. Services are provided in the tertiary sector. Manufacturing is in the secondary sector. And it is true that the tertiary and quaternary sectors are growing in India. Moving on. How India's industrial structure has changed over time. Here we can see a graph which shows India's industrial structure in 1980 and in 2010. And we can see how it's changed. Firstly, let's focus on the blue section of the bars. The primary sector. India has seen a significant drop in the number of people employed in the primary sector. In this case agriculture. This is due mainly to mechanisation. There is still a huge amount of food being grown in India. But now far fewer people are required to grow it. This is because mechanisation has taken the place of manual labour in agriculture. So this doesn't mean that there is less farming in India. This means there are less people employed in farming. People no longer need to be employed in farming because of mechanisation between 1980 and 2010. And we've seen a significant decline in the number of people employed in agriculture. Moving on. We can see looking at the secondary sector in orange that there has been a significant growth. Manufacturing has increased due to a move towards industrial development. Increased foreign direct investment from TNCs such as Unilever. And the growth of Indian TNCs such as Tata Steel. Since 1980 manufacturing has increased dramatically. The government has supported industrial development and the growth of factories. International companies, transnational corporations have chosen to invest in India. As it's somewhere where manufacturing can take place at a far lower cost, therefore increasing their profits. And as India has developed economically, so Indian companies have become TNCs. Indian companies such as Tata Steel have contributed to this growth in manufacturing in India. Manufacturing pays better than agriculture. Manufacturing is something that is far more valuable in terms of its products. So, therefore, there is more money in manufacturing than there is in farming. This means incomes in India have improved as a result of this. And this is important when we start to look at the tertiary and the quaternary sectors. And finally then, if we look at the grey sections of the bars between 1980 and 2010, there has been a significant increase in the tertiary and the quaternary sectors in India. Not as significant as the increase in the secondary sector, but still significant. This is because people have more disposable income, increasing the demand for services. It is very common to think that the increased tertiary sector employment is because of increases in education. But you can have a more educated population but there's no demand for services. Then the service sector, the tertiary sector wont grow. People need to be able to afford to pay for these services. And therefore, in order for the tertiary sector to grow, there needs to be an increase in disposable income. In India, a move away from agriculture and into manufacturing in tertiary sector employment has then resulted in more disposable income. Meaning that people have more money to spend on services. Disposable income is the money that is left over, after you've paid for your essentials. Food, water, housing, clothing, education, health care. Once these things have been paid for, anything that's left over is disposable income. And that typically will be spent on consumer goods and on services. That explains why India's industrial structure has changed and seen that growth in the tertiary, quaternary sectors. So, your main task. Using the graph, describe the changes in employment structure in India from 1980 to 2010. For three marks. The graph is one that clearly we're familiar with. Having just spent some time looking at it and considering why the changes have occurred. In order to answer this question well, you need to identify two changes to the industrial structure. There are three, two would be satisfactory here to achieve full marks. To pick up the third mark, you then need to use data from the graph to demonstrate these changes. You must take figures from the graph in order to demonstrate these changes. I appreciate on screen it may be somewhat difficult to be as precise as you'd like with the graph. But be as precise as you can, in order to ensure that you are demonstrating data that proves these changes. Pause the video here to complete your task. And so, our model answer for you to check what you've gotten against. The graph shows that there's been a decline in the number of people employed in the primary sector. And a rapid increase in the number of people employed in the secondary sector. The primary sector declined from 76% to 38%. Whilst the secondary sector increased from 15% to 42%. This is enough to get all three marks. We can see that there are two trends identified. The decline in primary sector employment and the increase in secondary sector employment. And we've got our evidence from the graph to back it up. But also credited, other ways in which you could still get full marks. There's been an increase in the number of people employed in the tertiary, quaternary sectors from 9% to 20%. So that brings us to the end of our lesson on "The changing industrial structure of India part one". In this lesson we've looked at economic sectors. Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary. We've looked briefly at how these apply to India. And we've looked in a bit more depth at how this has changed in India between 1980 and 2010. I hope you've enjoyed the lesson. Please don't forget to do the quiz. And I look forward to seeing you in subsequent lessons.

Exit Quiz: The changing industrial structure of India (Part 1)

Completed: The changing industrial structure of India (Part 1)

In this lesson we will look at the changes that have occured in India's industrial structure, with a move away from large scale primary employment in the past towards increased secondary and tertiary employment today.

Geography

The changing industrial structure of India (Part 1)

Introductory Quiz

Video

Final Quiz

Lesson Complete